FedUpUSA

Archive for the ‘Government Stimulus’ Category

Submitted by Leo Kolivakis, publisher of Pension Pulse.

Henny Sender of the FT reports that top hedge funds bet on big rise in yields:

The
recent rise in long-term US interest rates comes as good news for
several leading hedge fund managers, including John Paulson, who have
positioned their trading books to benefit from higher yields on US
Treasury securities.

 

Mr Paulson, who
made big gains earlier this decade by betting against the subprime
mortgage market and whose firm, Paulson & Co, manages $33bn, has
said he believes that government stimulus efforts would inevitably lead
to higher inflation and a corresponding rise in rates.

 

“It will
be difficult for the government to withdraw the economic stimulus,” Mr
Paulson said in a speech. “An increase in the monetary base leads to an
increase in the money supply, which leads to inflation.”

Bond
prices fall as yields rise, and Mr Paulson told the Financial Times
last week that he has been hoping to benefit in the Treasury market by
buying options that would become profitable if rates headed higher.
TPG-Axon’s Dinakar Singh has been making similar options trades,
according to a person familiar with the matter.

Julian Robertson,
the hedge fund manager, has pursued a related strategy, hoping to
benefit from a bigger difference between short-term and long-term
interest rates, known as a steeper yield curve, a person familiar with
his trades said.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury, which hit a
crisis low of 2.055 per cent last year, has moved from 3.2 per cent
last month to 3.75 per cent on Tuesday.

Hedge fund managers,
however, have been hesitant to engage in short sales of Treasury bonds
to profit from the rising yields – and falling prices – because of the
Federal Reserve’s heavy involvement in the market. This has led some to
buy options – dubbed “high strike receivers” – that would enable them
to profit from sharply higher Treasury yields, hedge fund managers say.
These trades, which are relatively cheap to execute because they are so
out of the money, are based on the thesis that yields could hit 7 or 8
per cent.

“If they are right, and the world ends, they will make
a fortune,” said one fund manager who is sceptical of the idea. “If
they are wrong, they haven’t lost much.”

Some traders are
cautious because many peers lost large sums betting that rates would
rise in Japan in the 1990s – as yields fell to less than half a
percentage point. The trade was termed the “black widow” because it left so many victims.

“Nobody
understood the extent of deflation and economic weakness in Japan,”
said Dino Kos of Portales Partners, a research consultancy, who was
then a Fed official. “More money was lost on that trade than on any
other single trade. Everyone piled in when rates were at 3 per cent and
then at 2.5 per cent and then at 2 per cent.”

So
is it time to place big bets on rising yields? I could easily see a
backup in yields in the near term as economic reports surprise to the
upside, but I don’t believe that bonds have entered a long-term secular
bear market. I think the hedgies are right, best to play interest rate
directional calls though options.

Also, given the increase in
liability-driven investing by pension funds worried about their funding
status, there is an upper cap on bond yields. I don’t know what the
exact magic number is, but at a certain level (say 7%), you’ll have
pensions scambling to lock in rates. Bond bears tend to ignore this
when predicting doom and gloom on bonds. All they do is focus on the
“pending collapse” of the US dollar, which won’t happen .

For the first time since March, the stock market actually
showed a little reaction to reality based information. As it turns out, even removing any hint of
stimulus will cause the market to retreat.
We already expected the cash for clunkers program was largely a gimmick
with auto sales dropping like a stone in the last reading. Home sales are being artificially juiced by
the $8,000 tax credit and the Federal
Reserve keeping 30 year mortgages near historical lows. You can expect that if the Fed and the tax
credit were removed we would see a similar reaction as the cash for clunkers
program in the housing market. It is
amazing that so much energy and focus is being put on bailouts, gimmicks, and
transient market forces all the while ignoring one major component. Jobs.

The jobs report issued on Friday was another
disappointment. The problem with how the
jobs argument has been framed since the start of the year is any report is
going to look good compared to the 741,000 job losses in January. Did anyone really think we were going to stay
at an annualized job loss pace of nearly 9 million? Of course not. So every subsequent reading seemed like a
blessing to the media. The rate of
change on a month over month basis has been referred to as the second
derivative (or more specifically the rate of change OF the rate of change). Let us look at both job losses and the rate
of change:

It is rather obvious that we were not going to see 741,000
job cuts per month even if we were heading into another Great
Depression. So as you can see from
the chart above the second derivative from February to May of 2009 was
positive. Yet anyone can see how flawed
this argument really is. It is using the
ground shaking monthly loss of -741,000 as a backdrop for every subsequent
month. Nothing can compete with
that. In fact, the following months had
equally bad reports:

February 2009: -681,000

March 2009: -652,000

April 2009: -519,000

And then in June, we had the second derivative give out
again. Of course the market being guided
by easy money and unlimited stimulus kept moving on up. This minor hiccup was nothing to worry
about. That is until the last report
that shows the rate of change giving way again.
Even at our current pace, we are losing over 3 million jobs a year yet
somehow this is good.

Yet in this new economy apparently buying a car and buying a
home are more important than having a stable job. Even Henry Ford understood that you needed to
pay workers a wage to afford the product you were dishing out. In this new economy, apparently having a job
is an afterthought.

Let us set aside the job losses for the moment.
Who in the world is hiring?
Apparently very few:

Those hiring are still at the levels seen in the March
abyss. Virtually nothing has changed on
the jobs front since March of this year.
Instead of playing hide and seek with mortgages and creating a massive shadow
inventory why not at least focus
some energy on the employment situation?

There is this pervasive tunnel vision focus on everything
put job creation. It seems like very few
want to talk about this. They want to
obsess that the Case Shiller has stabilized or that home sales have increased
but fail to examine the employment front.
For the first time in our history did we have an economy largely built
on a housing and credit bubble. So why
are we to expect similar outcomes in this so-called recovery? In fact, many of these jobs losses are
permanent:

5.4 million people have been unemployed for 27 weeks or
more. In times like this simple
questions bring out the best answers.
This is like asking how a person with no income and no job is going to
pay a $500,000 mortgage in California? If you asked a question like that the outcome
would have been obvious. So with this
above chart, we ask who or what industry is going to employ these people? That is the question that has no answer even
as we pass 21 months of our deep recession.