FedUpUSA

Archive for the ‘Greece’ Category

A default by any other name is still a default. When Greece defaults, the  inter-connected chains of credit default swaps will fall like dominoes.

For your Superbowl half-time reading, here is a brief summary of the situation in Europe:

1. Greece is poised to default, the end-game everyone anticipated in 2011. It is not a matter of if but when.

2. That default will trigger credit-default swap contracts, derivatives known as CDS that protect the owner from events such as default.

3. This will implode the shadow-banking system and the visible banking system, as those who sold the CDS (financial institutions) do not have enough cash or assets to pay the owners of the CDS.

4. The general idea is that sovereign default is very unlikely, so you can sell protection (CDS) against that possibility for a low premium, and cover that bet by buying your own protection from another player.

5. If that player (counterparty) can’t pay you off, then you can’t meet your obligations on the CDS you originated and sold.

6. So the failure of one counterparty can trigger a systemic failure akin to a row of dominoes being toppled by the fall of one domino.

7. To avoid such a CDS-triggered collapse, the European Union and its proxy agencies (European Central Bank, etc.) are attempting to call a default by Greece something other than “default.”

8. This will theoretically keep the first domino–a credit-default swap–from falling.  In other words, if we call a default by some other name, then it isn’t a default.

9.  Those absorbing the losses caused by a Greek default (and let’s stipulate that this references owners of Greek debt who bought CDS as insurance, not speculators who leveraged CDS at 30X the actual bond value) will want to cash in their insurance, i.e.  the CDS they own against a Greek default. They have every incentive to demand a default be  recognized as a default. If they accept the official plan to avoid calling a default a default, then all the losses will be theirs and none will fall to the counterparties who sold them  the CDS.

10. How is this fair?

11. The official response of avoiding default is focused on self-preservation, not fairness, justice or the rule of law.

12. The system can be likened to a pool of $100 bets leveraged off $5 in cash. If every bet is covered perfectly, then it’s somewhat like $95 in bets being paid by passing $5 around–much like the famous email that depicts all debts in a small town being paid by the same $5.

13. In the real world, somebody’s bets and insurance will not be perfect and their obligations will exceed their cash on hand. In other words, they will end up with $3 and owe $5. They will default and the dominoes will start falling as everyone down the line doesn’t receive their $5 counterparty payoff.

14. Empires tend to fall when the interests of their Elites diverge.  We are at such a point in the global financial Empire.

15. “Extend and pretend” has “worked” for almost 2 years. If Greece defaults and it is recognized by even one player as a default, then the system will quickly unravel and cash/dollars will be king until the deleveraging runs its course.

Charles Hugh Smith – Of Two Minds

Shortly after Dutch finance minister, said “We want no further delays” came news of further delays. The reason: Greek political parties all refuse to go along with more austerity measures.

Please consider Greece’s leaders oppose new austerity measures

All three party leaders in Greece’s teetering national unity government have opposed new austerity measures demanded by international lenders, forcing eurozone finance ministers to postpone approval of a new €130bn bail-out and moving the country closer to a full-blown default.

Representatives of the so-called “troika” – the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund – have demanded further cuts in government jobs and severe reductions in Greek salaries, including an immediate 25 per cent cut in the €750 minimum monthly wage, before agreeing the new rescue.

But representatives of all three coalition partners, including centre-left Pasok of former prime minister George Papandreou and the centre-right New Democracy of likely successor Antonis Samaras, said they were unwilling to back the government layoffs.

In addition, a Greek government official said the EU and IMF negotiators rejected a counter-proposal that would have frozen Greek wages for three years and cut social security contributions by 10 per cent.

Finance ministers from the four remaining triple As – Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and Luxembourg – met in Berlin on Friday where they agreed that Athens must move quickly or they would withhold assistance.

“We want no further delays,” Jan Kees de Jager, the Dutch finance minister, said after the meeting.

The delays in Athens could give new momentum to officials in Germany, the Netherlands and Finland who have been agitating to abandon the cornerstone of the new bail-out – a €200bn bond swap in which private debt holders would accept losses of 50 per cent in the face value of their holdings. A full-scale default would allow Greece to write off all privately held debt.

The brinkmanship in Athens became so intense on Friday that a government spokesman was forced to deny reports that the acting technocratic prime minister, Lucas Papademos, was considering resigning if governing parties did not agree to the new measures.

Keyword of the Day is “Hardball”

In case you missed it here is the key phrase “EU and IMF negotiators rejected a counter-proposal that would have  frozen Greek wages for three years and cut social security contributions  by 10 per cent.”

That was a pretty significant offer by Greece in the midst of an economic depression. There was no counter-offer, only a take-it-or-leave-it hardball.

For now, Greece said “Leave It” so you can add that to the words of the day as well. As I have said numerous times recently, Germany wants Greece out of the Eurozone. Those actions reinforce my opinion. Germany could easily have said a Greek wage freeze for three years and cut social security contributions by 10 per cent would suffice.

Minimum Wage

I am not a fan of minimum wage laws at all. However, let’s ponder Germany’s demand. A “25 per cent cut in the €750 minimum monthly wage” would take the minimum wage down to €562.5, roughly $739 a month.

Taxes

According to Wikipedia the following  Greece Taxes apply.

• Social Security Tax: 16%
• VAT: as high as 23% (Category 2 goods 4.5%)
• Income Tax: Progressive

I cannot find a precise description of Category 2, but eating out is category 1 and taxed at 23%. Minimum wage appears to avoid income tax.

The after SS-tax income at the proposed minimum wage is $621 a month or $7452 per year.

How far will a take-home pay of  $7452 per year go?

Living Greece discusses Value-added tax (VAT) rates in Greece

• Greece has the third highest rate of VAT in Europe
• Second highest gas/petrol tax
• Third highest tax on social insurance contributions
• Fifth highest VAT on alcohol
• Highest property tax
• One of the worst corporate tax rates
• Without the quality of living or competitiveness to match

Bear in mind that was from 2010.

On the assumption that everyone earning minimum wage is  spending every penny of it, subtract another 10% to 20% in actual purchasing power.

Keep Talking Greece has a humorous (to those not from Greece) article on Greek VAT Insanity: 6.5% for Foreigners, 23% for Greeks

That Greece is an absurd country I knew the moment I decided to return from living abroad over some decades. But it was beyond my vivid imagination that I will have to experience this, day by day – and even moment to moment. With a decision that touches the limits of European constitution because of discrimination against the citizens of this hapless country, the Finance Minister  announced that the increased VAT of 23% on catering goods  will be paid only by the Greeks -meanwhile known also as money-spewing machines!

Earlier on Monday, Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos clarified that the increased VAT from 13% to 23% will apply to restaurants, taverns, cafes and hotel restaurants. However if you buy an All-Inclusive package abroad, you will have a 6.5% VAT.  Greeks who will buy similar packages in the country will pay 23% VAT.

The new increased VAT regulations are as complicated as they can be: there is a different VAT for consuming sitting or standing (restaurant/cafe), different for take away (but only if you take it yourself, not through delivery boy).

In short a pizza has four different VAT depending on whether you sit, stand, walk or lay (hotel room/all-inclusive).

Tortured to Death

The point of this discussion is not about minimum wage, but about absurd taxes on top of a reduction in minimum wages at a time the Greek economy is already imploding.

I am 100% in favor of work rule changes, pension changes, etc., but the tax hikes and tax structures are insane.

Furthermore, I fail to see how increased taxation and further austerity measures can possibly help Greece in the short-run. And by the way, the short run has now been extended to 2020 from 2013.
Greece is imploding. It’s really too bad Greece did not exit the Eurozone three years ago instead of now smack in the midst of a depression.

Moreover, this is exactly what Spain and Portugal ought to be thinking about as well.
Mike  “Mish”  Shedlock – Global Economic Analysis

Think filing for bankruptcy is the only way to get debt discharge? Think again, at least in Greece. While previously we have reported that Greek courts had written off “untenable” debts of unemployed Greeks owed to local banks, Kathimerini describes a landmark case which may have profound implications for the indebted country, in which a fully employed woman has had the bulk of her debt written off. From Kathimerini: “In what could turn out to be a significant ruling for Greeks suffering from the economic crisis, a court in Hania, Crete, has become the first in the country to order that the majority of the debt owed to banks by someone still in full employment be wiped out. Sunday’s Kathimerini understands that the Justice of the Peace Court in Hania based its decision on a 2010 law that allows judges to give protection to people struggling to meet their financial commitments. Until now, the legislation has only been used to give debt relief to unemployed people or those with no substantial income.” This means that virtually every indebted person in Greece, regardless of employment status will rush into court rooms, demanding equitable treatment and a similar debt write down. It also means that the Greek bank sector, already hopelessly insolvent, is about to see its assets, aka loans issued to consumers, about to be written off entirely. And since the ultimate backstopper of the entire Greek financial system is the ECB, the creeping impairments will have no choice but to impact, very soon, the mark-to-market used by both the ECB and the various national banks. Finally, how long before other courts in Europe express solidarity with their own citizens and proceeds with similar resolutions?

On the specifics of the write off:

 

 

in the Hania case, the court ruled in favor of a full-time civil servant. The divorced woman, who has three children, asked to be given protection after her banks refused to offer her new terms for combined loans of 112,000 euros. The unnamed woman explained that she did not have any assets she could sell to pay off her debt.

 

In its ruling, the court deemed that the woman, who has moved in with her parents, needs 350 euros a month to cover her own costs but that the rest of her earnings could be distributed equally among the three banks she owes money to. The judge deemed that this process should last for four years, meaning the woman would pay back some 30,000 euros and the remaining 82,000 would be written off.

And the implications:

 

 Thousands of people have already appealed to the courts for protection under the 2010 law but legal experts believe the decision in Hania may lead to a new wave of appeals by Greeks who still have jobs but are unable to repay their loans.

Needless to say, this simply means that as locals realize that a domino effect in which bank assets are written down will necessitate a collapse of bank balance sheets, and the asset side of the ledge will be unable to support deposits held by local banks. Which is unfortunate as December saw the first modest signs of a rebound in Greek deposits, which rose modestly from €173 billion to €174 billion following years of consecutive declines.

ZeroHedge

It may be starting….

(Reuters) – Germany is pushing for Greece to relinquish control over its budget policy to European institutions as part of discussions over a second rescue package, a European source told Reuters on Friday.

“There are internal discussions within the Euro group and proposals, one of which comes from Germany, on how to constructively treat country aid programs that are continuously off track, whether this can simply be ignored or whether we say that’s enough,” the source said.

That’s not going to work out very well.

There are many reports that Greece is “close” to a debt deal on the swap and release of the next tranche of funds from the IMF, but if it includes this provision I bet it blows up.  There are already rumblings that it has, with the BBC reporting:

Greek officials have reacted angrily to a leaked German proposal for an EU budget commissioner with veto powers over Greek taxes and spending.

The Greek government said it must remain in control of its own budget.

The European Commission says it wants to reinforce its monitoring of Greek finances, but Greece should retain sovereign control.

Meanwhile, Greece and its private investors are close to a deal which will pave the way for a second bailout.

Negotiators say a tentative agreement could be finalised next week.

Uh huh.  The two are linked folks, and Greece is not going to give up budget sovereignty.

The only solution is for Greece’s government to quit spending more than they take in via taxes — that is, stop deficit spending.  This is the same problem around the world.

What is not understood among most people is that bankruptcies (defaults) among borrowers and thus recessions are necessary any time capital can be lent out at interest.

This is simply due to the fact that two exponential (compound) functions, such as growth of output and growth of debt, must always over time run away from one another.  If debt grows faster than output it will always eventually lead to insolvency.

That is a mathematical fact and there is nothing that can be done to prevent it.

Therefore, governments should not, in the main, borrow at all and if they do then lenders must accept the risk that such borrowing is unsecured and from time to time will lead to defaults and losses.

Until this recognition occurs and the price of lent capital reflects this fact — that is, “sovereign debt” stops being considered a preferred investment (preferably by ceasing to exist!) we will not find a solution to the problems that face the world economy.

European finance ministers and politicians have come to the conclusion that a deal, even one involving a credit event, is better than no deal at all. Thus it is increasingly likely the Greek Debt Wranglewill trigger credit default swaps.

Opposition to payouts on Greek credit-default swaps from European Union policy makers is softening as disputes over a voluntary debt exchange threaten to push the nation into default.

Any agreement between the Greek government and the Washington-based Institute of International Finance on debt writedowns will only bind 50 percent of investors in the 206 billion euros ($270 billion) of notes being negotiated, Barclays Capital estimates. Hedge funds may resist a deal, seeking to get paid in full or compensated from insurance contracts

“Politicians seem less concerned than before about CDS triggers,” said Michael Hampden-Turner, a credit strategist at Citigroup Inc. in London. “Having a payout on Greek CDS is probably better than the alternative: a loss in market faith of the product’s ability to provide a hedge against sovereign risk.”

Officials, including former European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet, have insisted that a swaps trigger was unacceptable because traders would be encouraged to bet against indebted nations and worsen the crisis.

Greece said it may impose losses on investors who fail to support the debt restructuring by adding a so-called collective action clause, or CAC, into its bond documentation. That would force holdouts to accept the same terms as the majority.

Use of CACs would trigger a restructuring credit event and a payout of default swaps, according to rules from the International Swaps & Derivatives Association.

“A CAC is looking increasingly like the best option,” Citigroup’s Hampden-Turner said. “That route seems to tick a lot of boxes: they don’t have a bond default, the official sector gets treated differently than the private sector, and everybody has to participate in the exchange without anybody getting paid in full.”

ECB Opposition

While the ECB oppose any involuntary restructuring of Greek debt, policy makers such as Dutch Finance Minister Jan Kees de Jager say they aren’t against a credit event.
The softer stance signals Greece is unlikely to get sufficient participation in a voluntary bond swap to make its debt burden sustainable.

The ECB is now alone in its opposition to a credit event. Then again, the ECB alone was against haircuts, soft defaults etc.

As late as May 7, 2011 former ECB president Jean-Claude Trichet insisted there would be “no Greek debt restructuring”. I wrote about it in Trichet Reiterates Restructuring “Not on the Agenda”, Market Reiterates “Trichet is a Pompous Fool”.

Since then there have been two restructurings, and we are now headed for an involuntary restructuring that will trigger credit default swaps.

I suspect an effort will be made to placate the ECB somewhat so that the ECB does not take a loss on the 40 billion euros of Greek debt it stupidly bought, but otherwise, the ECB is about to have this crammed down their throats.

Portugal waits on deck.
Mike  “Mish”  Shedlock – Global Economic Analysis

This one’s headed toward the ground in a power-dive….

Greece’s creditor banks broke off talks after failing to agree with the government about how much money investors will lose by swapping their bonds, increasing the risk of the euro-area’s first sovereign default.

Proposals by a committee representing financial firms haven’t produced a “constructive consolidated response by all parties,” the Washington-based Institute of International Finance said in a statement yesterday. Talks with Greece and the official sector are “paused for reflection on the benefits of a voluntary approach,” the group said.

Aha.  The Greeks have figured out that when you owe someone money and borrowed it unsecured, as is always true for sovereigns, you have the trump hand.  The only real “price” to be paid by telling your creditors to piss off is that you won’t be able to borrow again in the future.

This is a material price, but it is not the end of the world.  It means you have to balance your budget immediately, but that’s good — not bad.

Of course everyone is freaking out about triggering Credit Default Swaps and similar instruments.  That’s misplaced — there simply isn’t that much outstanding for Greece in that regard.

No, the real contagion risk is not Greece.  It is that once Greece does this, and the world does not immediately end, then other nations (hint: Italy?) may come to the conclusion that they too should tell creditors to stick it where the sun does not shine.

They’re right, incidentally.  The utter and complete fraud in our banking structures that allow institutions to hold these sorts of debts as “risk free”, requiring no reserves and no capital behind them, is an outrage.  It is systemic and intentional fraud perpetrated upon the world for the sole benefit of making possible national overspending with impunity, destroying any sort of market discipline aimed at budgetary deficits.

Well, Basel, you’re about to “get yours.”

Not today, not tomorrow, but once the standard is set you can take to the bank that other nations will consider the same action — as well they should — and then the folly of so-called “regulators” who put together this outrage will become apparent.

Welcome to the 1930s — uh, I mean, the 2010s…..