Archive for the ‘Politics’ Category
Is Recognition Finally Gelling?
On April 1st 2007 the very first Tickers were written. In just a bit over two months, The Market Ticker will be five years of age.
And through that time The Market Ticker has pointed out one central fact behind everything published here: You cannot spend more than you take in on an indefinite basis.
This, of course, is anathema to a nation — and a world, really — that has done exactly that for more than three decades. Many of the citizens of the world — those under about 35 (as your first few years of life have little direct connection in a cerebral sense to economics) have never known a world where overspending and ponzi economics was not practiced.
You can’t exactly flaw people for not understanding that a thing is broken when they’ve never experienced life in any other way. And for those who are somewhat older, those of us who remember the 1970s, the oil shocks, gas lines and 5 gallon purchase limits along with grocery store prices that seemed to double every six months (it wasn’t quite that bad — but it was bad!) it is easy to get the mistaken impression that what we’ve had for the last 30 years “fixed” what was broken in the 1970s.
It didn’t, of course.
The world had run on it a simple fraud covered in various layers of complexity to hide it from the common man, just as has been done many times before. The 1920s were the same thing, basically, minus the computers but also minus fast information sharing. The land swindles of the day in Florida were almost identical to the condo-flipping schemes here in the Panhandle when you boiled them all down; tiny down payments on construction not yet initiated, the promise of ever-higher valuations, carnival-style barkers spinning rags-to-riches stories and you only needed $10,000 to get in “on the ground floor” of an elevator that would take you to the sky. Sign right here mister, and your life of luxury and privilege will begin.
Uh huh.
Last night the yarn-spinning continued on Greece. Bloomberg said:
Greece and its private creditors said early today they had made progress during talks in Athens on a debt-swap accord needed to lower the country’s borrowings and clear the way for a second round of international aid.
“The elements of an unprecedented voluntary private-sector involvement are coming into place,” according to an e-mailed statement from Charles Dallara, managing director of the Institute of International Finance, a Washington-based lobby group representing creditors negotiating with the government.
Sure they did. Sure Greece is going to pay debts of more than 100% of its GDP — even after the “restructuring.” And sure this is “voluntary” — in more-or-less the same way that it’s “voluntary” that you hand over your wallet when there’s a gun up your nose.
The real problem is that people — and governments — borrowed money they couldn’t pay back off their economic surplus. For a private-sector entity (a person or company) economic surplus is easy to define — it’s what you have left after you spend on the bare necessities of life. When those necessities (such as your house) become part of the overborrowing then the situation appears more complex but it really isn’t — you just “upscaled” your view of what was a “necessity.”
But let’s face facts — a trashy trailer on a 100×50′ piece of rented land with utility connections is more than the “bare necessities” when it comes to housing — by a lot! I lived in a little 400sq/ft one-bedroom apartment for a good while when I was just getting started and that was more than “bare necessities” (by a lot) for even modern comforts. A studio would have been sufficient, since I had no dependents and was single.
The same applies to transportation. Most people today in the United States are driving around in vehicles that have values that are two, three, five or even ten times the cost of “basic necessities” for the required task (getting to work, the grocery store, etc.) It was in fact in the recent-enough past that I owned said vehicles that the “basic car” had an AM radio with one speaker, a manual transmission, no air conditioning, no power door locks, no power windows, no power steering, no power seats and the seat coverings were vinyl. You could also see (and work on) all sides of the engine and the road under it when you popped the hood.
In fact, one of the pieces of said “basic transportation” that I owned in my earlier years (and drove to work every day) was one of these:

Before that I had one of these in considerably worse condition than pictured (it was gray and had a smashed-in passenger side door from a collision prior to my acquiring it for a literal cost of $100.)

THOSE were “basic transportation” and not only where they cheap to buy they cost almost-nothing to insure because there was no reason to have collision or comprehensive coverage on them! The Vega, incidentally, consumed a quart of oil per tank of gas on good days (and worse on bad ones) along with having a habit of slowly eating coolant. Yeah.
I’m not saying you shouldn’t own this, incidentally:

IF you can afford it without debt, and without spending more than you make. That is, if you can pay for it using your personal economic surplus.
But recognition of these facts is rather jarring for most people. Some of us grew up understanding it; our parents owned one car that was much nicer than the other (and was used to get to work) while the other was, literally, “basic transportation” (with no power anything and no air conditioning) if we had a second car at all. We rode bicycles to our friend’s home rather than being carted around by “soccer moms” in no small part because driving the car cost money; the bike cost only human power. Nice bicycles (which most of us could not afford) had 10 speeds; the more-ordinary ones that nearly all of us actually owned had coaster brakes and one speed.
Let’s put this in a slightly-different perspective. The poverty level income for a single person in the United States today (as of 2011) is $10,890. Many people reading this, perhaps most, spend more than 1/10th of that on their cellphone bills. A further significant proportion of the population spends more than 1/10th of this on their cable or satellite TV bill and the overlap between the two is significant.
That is, a very significant percentage of the population spends more than a quarter of poverty level income on two luxury and entertainment items which are utterly unnecessary.
Again, none of this is a problem if you can afford it.
But what should you have paid for first?
Well, for one, a very significant financial reserve. Your retirement, for example, never mind a cushion in case something goes wrong (like losing your job.)
With governments its equally-simple: Government gets all of its money by taxing it.
Yes, all of it.
I know, some people will say “they can print it!” or “they can borrow it!” but in fact on a long enough timeline all of that is taxed.
If the currency is debased the taxation happens immediately and hits everyone at once. If it’s borrowed then the taxes fall on you tomorrow, assuming it’s ever paid back. There’s no real difference, when you boil it all down, other than the immediacy of payment.
All of it, in the end, comes down to taxing you — taking your money and giving it to someone else.
That’s all government does.
This weekend dawned with the news that Greece’s creditors have walked out of their meeting. That in and of itself is probably not all that important. What is important, however, is the rising tide of speeches coming from various government officers in Europe recognizing that deficit spending has to end.
It’s not just there — Fed President Dennis Lockhart has said the same thing about the United States. What was just a few lone bloggers in the wilderness a few years ago, myself included, has now turned to policy-makers inside and outside of the government itself.
At the core of this problem is the buying of votes with money that doesn’t exist. It’s very popular to do things like that, as having the necessary adult conversation regarding the sustainable level of spending by government — and the adjustment that comes to GDP and thus overall consumption when overspending stops — tends to bring revolt at the ballot box.
But there comes a time when the political expedience of vote-buying and other chicanery simply cannot be sustained any more. We’re within sight of that cliff, and if we do not act we will go over it.
If you remember the speeches from Bernanke in the 2008/09 time frame he counseled that we must get our budget deficit under control in the “intermediate term.” But exactly what is “the intermediate term?” This again leads back to the fundamental nature of exponential growth and how badly you’re screwed if you ignore it.
In 1980 the Federal Government spent $53 billion on health care all-in. Last year it was about $820 billion. That’s a roughly 9% compounded rate of increase.
The rule of 72 says that this means the spending will double again in roughly 8 more years (2019) to $1.64 trillion, then in 8 more (2027) to $3.28 trillion, which is approximately the size of the entire federal budget today.
Obviously that won’t happen as you can’t raise that much money, but that’s exactly what our politicians are promising people over the age of 50 when they say “Medicare will not change for those over 50” as that rate of expansion simply gets you to where you qualify at age 65! There will be two more doublings required to get you to 80 years of age, which (if it was possible) would rack that number to over $13 trillion dollars — close to the size of the entire economy today.
Bluntly: Such claims are a lie.
What’s worse is the curve when you look at government debt. Let’s chart it:
Pick a point on that graph. Even at the most-optimistic number — 2006 or 2007, when we were creating massive amounts of private credit to prop up an about-to-explode housing bubble — federal debt was still growing at over 6% a year. That means it was doubling every 12 years!
In 2008 and 2009 we grew it at 15% or more a year. That means it was doubling every 4.8 years.
Does anyone really think we’ll get away with either of those statistics given what we now know is happening in Greece and elsewhere in Europe? Remember, Japan, which is the common poster child for this, came into their government debt binge with massive private savings — savings that have been essentially all consumed by that binge. We never had the private savings in the first place, which means we have nothing to consume in previously-earned economic surplus!
Folks, there is not one year in the last decade during which we can point to a sustainable level of debt. If you go back into the 1990s there were a few years during which federal debt expanded at a much-more-modest rate, but those were years during which private credit creation was expanding exponentially in place of the government (through the Internet bubble.)
There isn’t any way out of this through more government debt. It has to stop, and stop now, because the nature of exponential growth is that the rate of damage accelerates.
If you read (again) my Ticker from 10-18 of last year, you should understand what’s going on — and what we face. This is simply not about what I want, what I’d like, what pundits would like to do or anything of the sort.
It is about mathematical reality.
Think about exactly how much further we can expand government spending in this regard and not have the entire economy collapse around us. Then reduce that percentage of increase to “doubling times” and you know where the wall is, in your best estimate. Nobody who does this exercise can come up with a number that is larger than the number of fingers you have on one hand.
Look, I don’t like what taking our medicine means, and the reason I wrote Leverage was because I had gotten very tired of people saying “nobody could have seen this coming.“ In addition, there are a whole host of people who have sounded the warning horns for a while, yet they have no cogent plan to resolve the problem or help buffer the inevitable (and severe) pain that must be endured. Some of them, including some political candidates for President this time around, understand the problem and even propose massive budget changes (e.g. $1 trillion a year in spending cuts) yet have no plan to buffer the economy and the people from what will, left alone, be a contraction in overall GDP of up to 25% and the Depression that will inevitably come with it — a Depression worse than the 1930s! That is outrageously irresponsible and worse it will never get passed because without those buffers it is not only unnecessarily harsh but could lead to the collapse of both civil order and our government.
But irrespective of what I would like to see, or what politicians promise, this adjustment — the necessary adjustment — is coming. It cannot be stopped. It is mathematically certain, whether people like Bernanke, Obama, Romney and others wish to face it or not.
Your choice is whether to face these facts in your personal and economic life, preparing to the extent you’re able, or whether you will be one of those who claim that you were “blindsided” by the inevitable that you were simply unwilling to face.
Discussion (registration required to post)
OpEd: It’s Dying (Calen Fretts)
It’s Dying.
The two-party system, that is. And it has to, if our Republic is to survive.
It’s dying for good reason. Citizens across our great nation are realizing that the Republicans and Democrats in Washington no longer represent their interests, and they’re ready for a severe change to the political status quo. No longer is the concept of “throwing your vote away” relevant. What does it really matter, if the alternatives – the Republicans and Democrats – have become two wings of the same party, the Big Government party?
The U.S. government borrows more than $40,000 per second. So if you’re an average American, the U.S. government added to your tab more than you make in a year in the time it took to read this sentence. What they don’t borrow, they print. And what they don’t print, they take from you, in the form of taxation.
As if that weren’t enough, Congress seems intent on making life hard on the American people. From the drug war, to the Patriot Act, to the TSA, to the NDAA, their assaults on the civil liberties of nonviolent, innocent American citizens seem to be intensifying at an exponential rate.
The rule of law in America is deteriorating, as white collar banksters are rewarded for defrauding billions of dollars out of blue collar America while blue collar America is harassed and imprisoned for nonviolent crimes that affect no one else. All this has been enabled by both Republican and Democrat politicians alike for decades. At best, they give lip service to the Constitution, while trampling all over it and the principles it stands for.
But there’s a new party in town.
The Libertarian Party has only been around for about 40 years, but the principles it stands for go back centuries. America’s Founding Fathers were the first modern Libertarians. They sought a life free of the King’s dictates. So they wrote the Declaration of Independence, testifying that all men are created equal, and that rights come from the Creator – not from kings, governments, or anyone else.
But men like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson would be shocked at our modern government. They grew hemp and made moonshine, both of which are illegal today. They did not ask for permission to own and carry a firearm. They certainly did not obtain a permit to wager a bet on a friendly game of cards. By all accounts, Washington and Jefferson, those symbols of American liberty, would be common criminals in modern America. Our Congress has stacked the deck in this way, because it enables them to play out the game in their favor.
The message of Liberty was, and is, about individual empowerment. The ability to live free of force from others. To live in a nation of laws, not of men. To enjoy the comfort of one’s own castle, where every man is his own king. The government’s role is not to give us rights (which it cannot do), nor to infringe upon them; but rather, simply to protect our natural rights.
That’s why people of all races, creeds, and colors are leaving the two-party system and joining the Libertarian Party in droves. It is the only party whose registrations are growing. It is the only party that knows that all citizens, and especially minorities, are not served by special rules or government favors, but by the law being equally applied to all. It is truly liberating to finally release oneself from the confines of the two-party box; to no longer be required to make excuses for one politician or another’s repeated shortfalls; to have real choice. The Libertarian Party is the real populist party, the party of We the People.
Perhaps our cry can best be summed up by five words of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: “We want to be free.”
We just want the opportunity to live the American dream.
Calen Fretts is a resident of Valparaiso, Candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 1st District of Florida, and Vice Chair of the Libertarian Party of Okaloosa County.
Blind Party Loyalty Is For Mental Midgets
If most high profile Republican leaders and officials, salaried or not, do not shed their political arrogance and narcissism soon, 2012 November elections may be a repeat of why a high percentage of California Republican middle class voters refused to vote for many Republican candidates last two major election seasons. If any candidate’s only relevance to our lives is their Republican registration – not good enough, not any more. But the message remains elusive to local, state and national Republican Party officers and leaders suffering a severe handicap of arrogance, narcissism, and many lacking in social and people skills outside of impersonal blogs, websites and podium speeches. Federal prisons are full of dishonest lawyers and corporate executives which justify us more streetwise middle class voters to remain cynical and distrustful even of our own GOP leaderships.
Every time the majority of elected Republican leaders, local, state or national display condescending attitudes, arrogance, greedy self-serving agendas, and elitist demeanor toward whom they consider economic and intellectually inferior on the basis of modest incomes, they are further alienating an inevitable diversity of voters with potential common shared issues. Many of us, with the ability and the backbone to confront internal Party deficiencies and push for leadership reforms, are frequent targets of verbal assaults by titular Republicans with delusions of being earthly deity. God forbid if virtues of speaking truth and accountability are not just confined at Democrats. It remains the GOP (as in Going Old Party) tradition to discourage us plebiscites from openly (instead of some “quiet room”) exposing ineffective leaders; or to probe into some Republican candidate’s credibility by connecting the dots between current campaign rhetoric to his/her past performance. Embellishing resumes to expediently fit a believable profile of public leadership has not escaped intelligent voters’ observations. A demon is a demon regardless of partisan labels or religious claims which are no assurance of their personal integrity and humanity.
It takes profound intellect and expansive sociological sophistication, seemingly lacking in sufficient numbers within current traditional Republican ranks, to develop solutions of realistic substance. The Democratic Party is not alone in being inundated with intellectually hollow whiners. Attending state GOP conventions are bastions of mind numbing sound bites – stale, archaic, simplistic and lacking in public relations hospitality and other social skills to which the organizers seem totally and repeatedly oblivious, but then consider the sources.
Every political leader should be judged for re-election on the basis of how much legislation and policies have given benefit to the mass numbers of their constituents, not to a small percent of their deep pocket donors. Not all corporate titans give a damn about helping to preserve and improve the integrity of U.S. patriotism, as most have legally sanctioned privileges to protecting their profits by stashing their monies offshore; low wage overseas job outsourcing; and our U.S. military protecting corporate overseas assets. Legislative offices, supported by middle class taxpayers as well, are visited most frequently by corporate lobbyists, whose fees are a business tax deduction unavailable to us middle class. In fact, economic treason is a legitimate allegation to launch against many Republican and Democratic congressmen, U.S. Senators and their corporate donors. Isolating the ills of this nation just on Democrats alone is wearing thin, given the facts of bi-partisan complicity in playing us middle class voters and taxpayers like human yo-yo’s.
The problem why our GOP presidential candidates are not believable is that Newt Gingrich comes across a capricious and ego driven moral and ethical hypocrite whose criticism against Mitt Romney seems self-serving. On the other hand, Mitt Romney believes himself to be an American aristocrat whose rhetoric alone should be sufficient to justify voters’ support. Romney’s offensive references to “envy” and that tax policy disagreements be confined to “quiet rooms” among other verbal Freudian slips were not just poor choice of words, but reflective of how he defines us not of the elite. In his mindset, failing to achieve super rich status is the only value which passes his litmus test of intelligence. Rick Santorum is too culturally and socially unsophisticated to lead a nation where many admitted Christians, including Catholics, prefer government and legislative agendas be confined within secular boundaries. Ron Paul is just a magnet for Libertarian type advocating a anarchy.
News media have no idea the number of scams, deceit, lies and exploitation passing for GOP’s version of gratitude, respect and morale reinforcement to many of us grassroots active uncompensated Republican volunteers in California and beyond. Our first Bay Area regional Korean American Republican elected as GOP state senate nominee, Doo Sup Park, had to file a police report for a seemingly deliberate act of larceny committed on him last year by Luis Buhler sanctioned by his CAGOP allies, as the case remains ignored by the California Republican Party officers (all white Caucasian and most are social rednecks). However, such breaches of integrity and respect are prolific, mostly the rule, not the exception. We are no longer electing from high standards of public leadership qualifications, but out of desperation to lure candidates with disposable campaign cash, insatiable egos and under the delusions that simply attacking Democrats is synonymous with actual leadership performance. Unless we grassroots Republicans assert our mandates for higher standards, we will be stuck with the whims of some Tea Party movement; and politically ambitious individuals mistaking narcissism, aloofness and arrogance as social class. Maybe an acting course can help many of them effectively pretend to have charisma. Too many overpriced Republican campaign consultants and spin doctors seem to do a lousy job.
The problem is that many Republican official representatives and leaders, even at county levels, believe their role to just pontificate rules of behavior for others. They believe to be divinely or aristocratically immune from the need to exemplify role model behavior or be held accountable. Talking at us, not with us is a typical Republican tradition which is sowing Republican middle class warfare conflicts. It is the arrogance of many Republican officials, salaried or not, to presume that blind allegiance to the Republican Party ideals must transfer even to defective Party leaders. We have a moral and ethical right to support the ideological merits of being Republican without being crucified for refusing to pay homage to a growing number of politically ambitious Republicans whose only public leadership qualification lies in their embellished or fictional resumes.
Gail E. Neira
Lifelong conservative Hispanic American active Republican
San Francisco native, past publisher, managing editor, diplomatic embassy aide
America, Welcome to the Fourth Reich
The Pampas of Argentina or the backwaters of Paraguay were the preferred location for those who openly professed their reprehensible loyalty to the Führer principle. However, do not blame all those ex-Nazis for selecting the shores of the Americas for their new domicile, their seeds were planted long ago in the offices of Wall and Broad Streets. Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will saga shares more, than what one wants to admit, about the dark side of American History.
Do not be confused. National Socialism is an abhorrent notion to most Americans. Nevertheless, the political foundation of that false ideology is based upon pure Fascism forged in a marriage of the Corporate/State that produces this demented offspring. The systematic destruction of the essential purpose and motivation for the American Revolution is undeniable with any objective examination of the regretful legacy of domestic tyranny.
This record of monocracy is one of a criminal class, as opposed to the iron fist of a single man. If you belief this is an erroneous assessment, consider the following chronicle.
From the beginning of the Republic, the Federalists conspired for the illegal passage of their central government constitution in order to form a competing world empire with their British cousins. Their leader was Alexander Hamilton, who championed making individual states subservient to the original crony capitalists. When the Father of our Country, George Washington admonished about the dangers on entangling alliances, the world was warned that the drive towards independent liberty was compromised under this new Federal system.
When Andrew Jackson rallied frontier populism against the establishment elites of his era, you had an opportunity to restore some of the former glory of the Revolution of 1776. The conflict over the abolishment of the National Bank symbolizes the eternal struggle that continues to this very day.
The Manifest Destiny of the U.S.-Mexican War demonstrated just how far the country strayed from the fundamental concept of independence from England. The expansionistic campaign had more in common with the Crown than the Boston Tea Party.

The early 19th century fascists looked to their next defender Abraham Lincoln, the lawyer for the railroad corporatist cabal and the worst of all despotic presidents, to complete the task.
Myth #1: Lincoln invaded the South to free the slaves.
Myth #2: Lincoln’s war “saved the Union.”
Myth #3: Lincoln championed equality and natural rights.
Myth #4: Lincoln was a defender of the Constitution.
Myth #5: Lincoln was a “great humanitarian” who had “malice toward none.”
Myth #6: War was necessary to end slavery.
The significance of the War of Northern Aggression is that the principle of independent sovereign states under the precepts of constitutional law died. With the prevention of secession, the liberty of a voluntary union was betrayed for the rule, under a loyalty oath, to an Amerikan Reich.
The next False Flag excuse was the Spanish-American War and the “Remember the Maine!” slogan that pushed the country into a “Pacific Imperium“. Those NeoCons, like Senator John McCain, who revere Theodore Roosevelt as a model for imperialist jingoism, draw their psychopathic lusts from the same bloodline as Reinhard Heydrich and Heinrich Himmler.
World War I produced the infamous Woodrow Wilson internationalist treason. No longer will America be a society governed by elected representatives. The only coup to come out of his administration was won by the banksters. The fate of a proud people, sealed with the creation of the Federal Reserve, the establishment of the income tax and the permanent foreign military intervention abroad is the basis for the final destruction of the country and the horrors that befell our nation in the last century.
World War II inflicted the Franklin D. Roosevelt curse that guaranteed the imposition of socialism on the American people. How ironic that the Hitler bogyman’s regime, the scourge of Western Civilization and the reason for defending democracy, ultimately lead to similar collectivist policies, now adopted in the United States.
Just look to the ignominious involvement of Prescott Bush’s involvement with the funding of Adolph Hitler. Even FAUX news cannot hide the relationship in Bush’s Grandfather Directed Bank Tied to Man Who Funded Hitler.
“Prescott Bush was one of seven directors of Union Banking Corp., a New York investment bank owned by a bank controlled by the Thyssen family, according to recently declassified National Archives documents reviewed by The Associated Press.”
So what can and should a “reasonable man” conclude from these examples from history? The essential lesson is that the pristine fairy tale of the federal government’s noble role as defender of righteousness, that politicians want to accept and often die for, is a fictional myth.
Power politics always serves the interests of the banking elites, who control the political process, own the financial capital and manipulate the media viewpoint of events. This reality is pure fascism. You live under this system, so grow up, and admit it . . . it is the lamentable truth.
“Now let’s take a quick look at Germany in the 1930′s and 40′s as the Nazis reared their ugly heads. Here was a country that was financially crippled with a massive budget deficit owing billions of dollars to the rest of the world. Just like the USA.
In the 1930′s Germany was a country where the burning of the Reichstag, engineered by Hitler and his henchmen, was used to create external enemies and to exert internal control over the German people. Hitler then used the media to lie, frighten and deceive the population, allowing a bunch of vicious, extreme, right wing megalomaniacs to gain power. Just like the USA.
In the 1930′s Hitler was surrounded by a group of unelected officials whose sole objective was to take control of Germany for their own ends and with the use of their military might, take control of the assets and prosperity of other, weaker countries. Just like the USA.
In 1939 Hitler embarked on a series of pre-emptive attacks on sovereign nations in the name of “freeing the people” of that country. Just like the USA.
In 1940 the German hierarchy started building special “camps” or detention centres in which to incarcerate and eventually execute those people considered to be “against” their regime. Just like the USA.”

The Fourth Reich did not originate with Operation Overcast, the initiate name for Operation Paperclip. The classic book Fourth Reich of the Rich, by Des Griffin deserves another read.
“Some 150 years ago, in a speech at Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln acknowledged the fact that “no foreign power or combination of foreign powers could by force take a drink from the Ohio or make a track on the Blue Ridge in a trial of a thousand years.”At what point then is the approach of danger to be expected? I answer, if it ever reach us it must spring up from among us, it cannot come from abroad. If destruction be our lot, we must ourselves be its author and finisher. As a nation of freemen we must live through all time or die of suicide.”
Are we committing national suicide? Webster’s Dictionary (1828) defines suicide as: “Self murder; the act of designedly destroying one’s own life.” For that to be true on a national scale, the decisions leading up to our national self-destruction would, of necessity, have to be made by those who govern the country Congress, or “the government.”
Much of the German population was captivated by Hitler. The “presstitute” Goebbels’ media holds out Obama as a shining example. His manners are a composition of every tyranny to grace the scorched earth of despotic government. Will the America public come to their senses and make war against this Amerikana version of the Fourth Reich? You need not look for the Boys from Brazil to find today’s Nazi’s. They do their business in New York City, run their international institutes from London and order their bombing from Washington, DC.
Sieg heil! to the New World Order is the modern definition of national suicide.
When The Sleeping Giant Wakes
“Sometimes the ‘people’ are right.”
Anonymous leader
******
“There are two kinds of outrage:
The anger of the disappointed spoiled;
The authentic moral wrath of the common people betrayed.”
Anonymous sage
Permit me to sketch some real-world political context.
America has evolved two cooperating political elites, each of which runs one of the two parties and shares three common traits: (1) high education levels, (2) important wealth (3) a distrust of the populist vote bordering on fear. Winning elections for each requires a periodic courting ritual during which the populist vote (on which success depends) is earnestly sought, followed by a measure of post-election betrayal. Well before the 2008 credit-bubble crash and the advent of the Tea Party movement, I noticed the growing populist pressure.
“Populism in this usage represents the politically relevant precepts, attitudes and core positions that distinguish an enduring majority of adults from the political elites that depend on their approval.”
For decades, the corporate country club conservatives and the Lexus limousine liberals succeeded in achieving a rough division of the populist center: social populists on one side, economic populists on the other.
That situation was mutating well before the 2008 real estate credit bubble burst. Just before that calamity, I wrote the following (in an analysis of developments in American populism):
“While I still believe that a legitimate populist movement can accommodate local custom (when popular sentiment clearly differs from the mainstream, thinking of the accommodations for gay marriage in Vermont for example), I also believe that there can be no accommodation for the anti-democratic reversal of the popular will in the rest of the country in this important area of life, especially by judicial fiat. When judges, for example, abuse their trust by overriding the popular will, especially on essential ‘family values’ issues, a populist rebellion is virtually inevitable.
“The coming populist reformation[1] will be driven by the events and exigencies of the next few years because these challenges will bring the failures of elites of right and left to address the core populist values and concerns into sharp relief.
“Among the prominent threads in the reemerging American populism that will shape the parties and the political discussion over the next decade, these four stand out:
“Procedural populism. The signal anti-populist development of the last 65 years was the emergence of governance via non-elected institutions under the control of the non-populist elites of the two parties. Principally the courts and the administrative agencies[2], these new power centers have quietly and not so quietly set public policies in motion that never could have gathered sufficient popular support. There are many examples, some obvious, others less so.[3] The signal pro-populist development in the same period was the emergence – principally in California producing what some political scientists are now calling ‘hybrid government’ of the popular initiative as a tool for setting social and tax policy in ways that the legislative bodies – controlled by party elites – did not.
“Me-first nationalism. Starting with Ross Perot several election cycles ago, this is the many headed hydra that the elites in both parties fear the most, and it is the most universal form of populism. The failure of the Soviet Empire is an international model is a classic case of a putative universal ideology hitting the nationalist wall. Note that party elites of all stripes tend to be more internationalist than the so called ‘common people’.
“Tough minded populism vs. the wimp elites. This covers a whole range of issues that will be pivotal in the next decade, all interesting.[4]
“Common sense economics. The revolting specter of a broken financial system fueled by pampered executives (as many of them democrat-pandering as republican-pandering) who pursue ultra-short-term paper profits over long term real world gains is so profoundly unsettling that a populist rebellion is inevitable in some form. The fears and anxieties in the current electoral-economic situation introduce a mob psychology wild card effect that may obscure the larger trend.
Politics is a game played among four players, each representing one mindset.
The game is about power, challenges to boundaries, and the reallocation of other people’s money & property.
- For typical liberal minds, boundaries are obstacles to be eliminated, including the boundary between “mine” and “yours”.
- For typical conservative minds, boundaries are bulwarks to be defended, including the boundary between “my kind of people” and the “unwashed”.
[Liberals and conservatives share a great deal more than they are willing to admit.]
- For centrist minds, boundaries are threats to a delicate balance and boundary relaxations are always preferable to conflict.
- The reasonable minds, the rarest of all, are equally wary of the toxicity of the ideologues and the weakness of many centrists whose tendency to conflict avoidance undercuts courage and principle when both are most needed.
People endowed with common sense agree that “extreme” ideologies[5] are harmful, yet many of them tend to ignore the extremism of the ideologues who claim to share the same general socio-political vision. But the difference is not just one of degree, as in intensity or passion. When actually adopted, all ideologies operate as powerful reality filters, screening out or distorting every inconvenient data set or challenging point of view that cannot be accommodated to the “correct” view. In a sinister operational sense, the extreme ideologies work like mind-worms, feeding on the vulnerable, substituting a secular catechism for critical thinking. The vulnerable groups include those closest to a particular ideology in the spectrum of belief, the rootless ones searching for “meaning and purpose” and all the post-modern thinkers who have abandoned their allegiance to the core moral order. They were Lenin’s “useful idiots”. I like the term “unwitting prey” or even “pets”.
At this juncture in history, the most toxic ideologically saturated minds are still found among the progeny of the two malign ideologies of the last century: Marxism and National Socialism. The beliefs of Lenin survive in the guise of bureaucratic egalitarianism and those of Hitler survive as population eugenics. The true believer ideologues[6] dance on a scary precipice, unaware of the yawning abyss, one foot-slip away.[7] History taught in the classic manner, with fidelity to the past, sans ideological filters, is a powerful vaccine against the toxic infectious ideologies. We can hope that such classic history will once again be widely taught.
Each of the four archetypal mindsets (liberal, conservative, centrist and reasonable) is “onto something”. They are not ideologues – these mindsets are traditional styles of rational thought and communication. Each is a gift to us conveying some essential part of the big picture. Each has had its day and will again. No culture can afford to ignore or marginalize a single one of them, except at a steep cost, because each mindset is part of the civilized historical tradition.
No society without liberal, conservative and centrist minds – all of whom are in a mutual dialogue mediated by the reasonable minds – can avoid the “bubble trap”. The real world abhors a bubble. Those who insist in living in one will eventually find themselves in an unchecked downward slide. The slope is steep and the momentum of the fall is constantly accelerating. The reasonable minds among us are the first to notice the pending disaster, but only an aroused population can stop it.
“Not my problem”, you say? No part of a human society falls over the precipice without taking others down with it. I believe that during times of great imbalance – like our present situation – we are in acute danger because the consequences of a major misstep will be unforgiving: We are permitted to briefly lose our balance, but we must quickly regain our footing or we will fall. The precipice is always near, and it’s a very long way down.
Dialogue pierces bubbles and augments balance. At times like this, when political posturing and maneuvering trump dialogue, the abyss is much closer that we think.
About that Giant
Now, here is a secret. All this time a huge giant has been sleeping under our floor.
Go with the metaphor for a moment, and ask yourself: What would a dreaming giant dream?
HINT: The giant is us, the people, not the population, but that ancient virtual collective memory that holds the precious life lessons of our ancestors. This is our giant, the keeper of our pains, joys, successes and failures – especially of our failures. The Sleeping Giant embodies our common wisdom, our common sense and our common morality.
When the players in the political game become too corrupt, too careless, too unbalanced and too arrogant, the center does not hold and things fall apart[8]. Eventually the noise from all those gnashing teeth awakens the Giant under the floor. Meantime the Giant dreams of wisdom ignored.
Elites are typically out of touch. It is their nature, whether conservative, liberal or centrist. They are disconnected by circumstance, out of touch almost by definition, and always distanced by the habits of comfortable neglect. In the Giant’s world, loyalty and trust trump ideology and one’s station in life – especially the ideological fads of the elites. In the Giant’s world, loyalty and trust start with family and friends then radiate to neighborhoods, then to communities, and so on, ending at the borders of the country. Loyalty and trust are at the heart of the ancient moral code, the “Deep Torah[9] of humanity” if you will, the main precepts of which cannot forever be ignored by any people, including, especially, by the elites.
Our daily lives, the reality “on the ground”, shapes the alpha and omega of real life. When we say that the elites are disconnected, this is what we mean they are disconnected from – and this is why they need to be watched at all times. But the common people are too busy living and struggling with daily life to keep up surveillance of the miscreant elites.
Among all the precepts and aphorisms of the ancient moral code, five themes sound in the Sleeping Giant’s dreams like thundering heartbeats:
- Earning entitles one to keep its fruits – the harder the earning, the fiercer the keeping. This precept applies to all people regardless of their station. One does not initiate a general program of taking property from any group (i.e., without a fair individuated adjudication, such as reparations for theft) without threatening all groups. In the Giant’s world, the earnings of the common people the fruits of which are more precarious and therefore more precious, are to be carefully respected by the elites. Significant price inflation is a thinly disguised, elite-engendered theft of earnings.
- The common people and their children entitled to the same human dignity as the elites enjoy. In the Giant’s world, the common people must be every bit as well protected from predators (human, animal, institutional and inhuman) as are the elites and their children. For example, the specter of private security guards for the elites and underfunded, under-deployed police for the poor people is a violation of human dignity. In the Giant’s world, the elites (who are functionally necessary, but not individually indispensable) will be “kept on” only so long as they honor the basic human dignity of the common people.
- Theft by a common person is stealing and should be punished. In the Giant’s world, there is no theft exemption for the elites. The “Deep Torah applies to all – ruler and ruled, powerful and powerless. Yet theft by an elite person is sometimes a mere “resource reallocation”, until the crime is discovered, when it may be called “misappropriation.” In the Giant’s world, elites do not steal from the common people…even elected elites acting under color of law.
- Trust is the baseline commitment of the social order and individual relationships. When elites disparage the family ties, the loyalty and trust relationships and arrangements of the common people, the foundation of general trust is damaged. Elites do not break trust with the common people nor publically undermine its value by disregarding it among themselves, except at their great peril. They do not debase the Deep Torah by adopting a separate moral standard for themselves. Not without deeply angering the awakened Giant.
- Beware when the trust with the common people is finally broken: Then, even the most benevolent gestures of the elites become traps – hungry tigers are then considered safer company. In the Giant’s world, the elites do not trick the common people.
Our current elites include some very clever types who value their personal status over anything else. Some of these clever ones actually fear the Giant, but they have a plan to lull it into sleep. These elites have kept a subset of “the population” as pets. These human pets enjoy a very limited capacity for independent thought and action, because they have been conditioned to dependency, and they live on highly filtered information[10]. These pets can be easily manipulated and even teased into a state of faux rebellion. Occasional pet outbreaks are arranged or exploited[11] to create conditions that will allow the elites to reestablish themselves by changing costumes.
This is why mobs of noisome pets should not be confused with a Sleeping Giant Awakening. Two distinct things must not be confused: The anger of the disappointed spoiled and the authentic moral wrath of the common people betrayed. Those unruly pets sleeping in tents in the public square are an intended distraction. Moral outrage grounded in the Deep Torah will always trump ordinary discontent.
The awakened Giant is the real deal. But how can we tell the difference? How will we know when the Sleeping Giant has awakened? Listen closely for a critical the voices cohering around five themes: (a) keeping earnings; (b) being kept safe from predators; (c) holding thieves accountable, no matter their status; (c) honoring trust relationships; (d) rejecting the falsely benevolent gestures. This is the growl of the “Deep Torah”. It is the authentic voice of the people that, when aroused, exhibits a sudden moral coherence and unmistakable power.
You may have noticed that the Giant is stirring. It may soon be fully awake. I leave it to the reader to decode the signs, both false and true.
Timing is everything.
A fully awakened, angry giant is a very blunt instrument indeed. This is why populist rebellions tend not to end well, even for the common people who first cheered the “protesters”, only to discover, too late, that a new set of elites had been using them as unwitting foot soldiers all along.
There is a strategy for the survival of the good people and good institutions, the constitution of this Republic and the prospect of an American renewal during an Awakened Giant Event.
The strategy is grounded in five simple rules, easy to outline, but difficult to implement….
Rule One: The ideologues cannot be trusted.
Rule Two: Listen closely for the ancient moral message (see above). The more quickly that message is heeded, the sooner the Giant will go back to sleep
Rule Three: When things go seriously awry, the voices of practical and moral authenticity will not diverge. So beware those who are still trying to trick the people – even – or especially- in a “good cause.” Beware those who want to “break some eggs” to make an omelet when they really mean break some heads to make a revolution. And shun those who want to destroy human dignity and freedom to make “a better world”, because the really mean “a bigger kennel.”
Rule Four: The Sleeping Giant is us.
Rule Five: Victory goes to the most self-disciplined, morally rooted (think deep Torah here) and determined candidates, parties and movements.
How awake are you?
Copyright © 2011 by Jay B Gaskill, Attorney at Law, All rights Reserved
Forwards and links are welcome. For other permissions, contact the author via e-mail law@jaygaskill.com
The author is a California Attorney and the creator and administrator of The Policy Think Site www.jaygaskill.com and the linked blogs.
[1] This predicted reformation is slow in coming, but I believe will eventually result in the absorption by both political parties of the key enduring elements in the common wisdom, giving them standing and policy expression…but that is another topic for another day.
[2] A development fully exposed in Mark Levin’s book, Liberty and Tyranny.
[3] The most recent example is the attempt by the EPA to end-run the Congress by declaring CO2 gas a pollutant (be careful when you exhale!) Earlier examples include the ADA’s administrative loose definitions of a protected disability that once was even expanded to include stupidity at the workplace.
[4] California voters, using the initiative process (functioning as a second party in a one-part polity), twice overruled the wimp elites by reinstating capital punishment for extreme murders and three strikes punishment for dangerous offenders. There are many other examples of the ongoing disconnection between the “civilized” elites and the common sense, common people.
[5] What do I mean by extreme ideologies? Their signature includes intellectual arrogance, close-mindedness and ruthless political practices. Consider two generic examples: (a) the enforced-quality group in which Marx’s ghost can be heard saying, “All wealth is the product of an evil system”, and “The private ownership of property (especially when accumulated by the successful) is the primary evil”, therefor let “us” (who will use the power of the state for “social justice”) fix those structural problems for you; (b) the entrenched inequality group in which the ghost of Hitler’s race-scientists can be heard whispering, “You know that there are too many of the wrong people in the world, it’s up to the superior ones to protect ourselves by any means necessary and “thin out” all the rest.” I leave it to the reader to tease out how these core ideas still manifest themselves in the post-modern culture, often in stealth mode.
[6] Required reading includes the classic, The True Believer, by the late Eric Hoffer, the self-taught longshoreman.
[7] From time to time, well-meaning intellectuals have announced that we have entered a new era, free from the mistakes of the pass. Daniel Bell (1919-2011) famously proclaimed the “End of Ideology” and Francis Fukuyama (1952- ) announced “The End of History” (arguing that Western liberal democracy is the final form of government). These and others profoundly underestimate the human capacity to stumble into the abyss over and over again
[8] As Yeats, that prophetic poet, put it, “Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; mere anarchy is loosed upon the world. The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned”… William Butler Yeats – The Second Coming.
[9] …Or the deep Tao, if you will. See C. S. Lewis’ book, The Abolition of Man. Its Appendix, Illustrations of the Tao, has a compendium of the moral precepts that are widely shared among the various religions and philosophies.
[10] The drug culture, the pop culture, a supine, uncritical, brainless mainline media, and an ideologically saturated academy are features of the kennel.
[11] The implied reference to the Occupy Wall Street movement was intentional. Linkages to Marxists connected to the administration’s SEIU and other “community organizing” allies were only thinly disguised, as were the training sessions for the “professional” demonstrators designated to be the “arrest worthy” poster children for the movement.
The Danger Debt Poses to the Western World
When Carlo Ponzi, a dishwasher from Parma, Italy, immigrated to the United States in 1903, he had $2.50 in his pocket and a million-dollar dream in his head. He was able to fulfill that dream, at least temporarily.
The scheme continued. Ten investors turned into 100, and 100 investors turned into 1,000, until the scam was discovered. Ponzi spent many years in prison, and he died a pauper in 1949. But his name remains important to every criminologist today — and every economist.
Economists use the term “Ponzi scheme” to describe a disastrous mechanism in which someone pays off old debt by constantly taking on new debt. The repayment of the debt — the most recent loans, plus interest — is deferred into the distant future, fueling an eternal process of debt refinancing.
It’s the classic pyramid, or snowball scheme, practiced by thousands of con artists after Ponzi. The most spectacular case was that of New York financier Bernard Madoff, who was responsible for losses of about $20 billion by 2008. Snowballs are set into motion, becoming bigger and bigger as they roll along. In the worst case, they end in an avalanche that takes everything else with it.
Western economies have not acted much differently than the fraudster Madoff. In 2011, they were virtually inundated with bad news and old sins. Almost everyone — in Europe and in the United States — has been living beyond their means, from consumers to politicians to entire countries. Governments have become servants to the markets upon which they have become dependent.
Bigger Snowballs
On an almost weekly basis, the reports have become more worrisome and the sums of money involved more staggering. Many are now concerned that, as 2012 begins, the snowballs will only get bigger — and roll faster:
- There are the banks in Europe, which will have to repay about €725 billion in combined debt in 2012, including €280 billion in the first quarter alone. With the private market largely off-limits to them, the banks have had to rely on the European Central Bank (ECB) to bail them out. The ECB is now lending them fresh money — as much as they want — at minimal interest rates.
- There is a country like Italy, which has an exorbitant amount of debt to service at the beginning of the year. About €160 billion in debt will mature between January and April; the total for the entire year is about €300 billion. The government in Rome is already having trouble finding buyers for its bonds.
- There is the ECB, which is creating billions essentially out of nothing. On an almost weekly basis, it is acquiring bonds that no one else would buy from Portugal, Spain and Italy and, in the process, it is turning into a reluctant financier of nations. This financial aid already amounts to €211 billion.
- There is the European Commission, whose president, José Manuel Barroso, supports the use of so-called euro bonds. These bonds, which would be issued jointly by the countries in the monetary union, would amount to an accumulation of collective debt on top of national debts.
- There is the €440-billion euro bailout fund, of which €150 billion are already promised to Greece, Ireland and Portugal. But because this amount is still not enough, the finance ministers have decided to “leverage” the fund, a seemingly harmless term for bringing in additional lenders, thereby multiplying the volume of credit.
- And then there is the United States, which only remains solvent because the Congress in Washington keeps raising the debt ceiling. The American government already owes its creditors about $15 trillion. Stay tuned for the next installment.
In other words, there are plenty of snowballs that have started rolling and getting larger with each rotation. Some aspects of the economic system in the industrialized countries resemble a gigantic Ponzi scheme. The difference is that this version is completely legal.
Living on Credit
Old debts are paid with new ones, with borrowers giving not the slightest thought to repayment. This has been going on for a long time, far too long, in fact. It was only with the eruption of the financial crisis in 2007 and the outrageously expensive bailouts of banks and economies that many people realized that the entire world is living on credit.
“Debt is rising to points that are above anything we have seen, except during major wars,” economists at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) concluded in a recent study. “The debt problems facing advanced economies are even worse than we thought.”
This is even true of seemingly rock-solid Germany. In the third quarter of 2011, German public debt amounted to €2.028 trillion, an increase of €10.8 billion over the debt level just three months earlier. Germany’s public debt grew by about €120 million a day — or more than €80,000 a minute — between July and September.
To make matters worse, this increase occurred in a quarter marked by plentiful tax revenues and a significant decline in unemployment. But debts increase independently of whether times happen to be good or bad.
The End of the System
The same thing is happening almost everywhere. In the first decade of this century, which was by no means a weak period economically, countries more than doubled the level of debt — to an estimated grand total of $55 trillion by the end of 2011.
The United States leads the pack with its national debt of $15 trillion, followed by Japan with about $13 trillion. Germany’s €2 trillion looks almost paltry by comparison. Today, the three major rating agencies award their highest credit rating to only 14 countries in the world.
The fact that nations are continually spending more than they take in cannot turn out well in the long run. The word “credit” comes from the Latin “credere,” which means “to believe.” The system will only function as long as lenders believe in borrowers. Once the belief in the creditworthiness of borrowers is destroyed, hardly anyone will be willing to buy their securities.
When that happens, the system is finished.
This is precisely what happened with Carlo Ponzi’s scheme. And now entire countries are suffering suspiciously similar fates. They are no longer being taken seriously.
Meanwhile, it is also flaring up in the United States once again, with Democrats and Republicans blaming each other for the nation’s debts. Instead of taking responsibility and consolidating the budget, President Barack Obama prefers to rail against the Europeans’ approach to crisis management. They, in turn, refuse to tolerate any interference, especially from the United States, which they blame for being the source of the financial crisis in the first place.
In this fashion, the Old World and the New World are tossing the blame back and forth, while confidence in politics and its ability to avert collapse is dwindling on both sides of the Atlantic. Is there still a way to stop the avalanche, or at least to diminish is destructive force? Why do countries that collect taxes have to borrow money in the first place?
Part 2: Of Good Debt and Bad Debt
Lutz Goebel is used to borrowing money. The 56-year-old businessman is the managing partner of the Henkelhausen Group, a German mid-sized company that specializes in motors in the western German city of Krefeld, with 240 employees and €65 million in annual sales. The debt Goebel incurs is of a completely different nature than the country’s debt.
Five years ago, Goebel had the opportunity to buy another company’s gas-engine service division. Goebel was convinced that it was a worthwhile investment, and that the resulting net revenues would ultimately exceed the €1.5 million he had to borrow to pursue the deal. “It paid off,” he says today.
As president of the German Association of Family-owned Businesses, Goebel represents the interests of 5,000 companies throughout the country. The owners of these businesses usually borrow funds only when they intend to make significant changes or build something new. For them, debt is a necessary part of developing their companies.
There are undoubtedly good reasons to go into debt. Companies use debt to finance investments. Private citizens use it to pay for major acquisitions, like automobiles or real estate. Most are aware that they have to economize as long as they are using current revenues to pay off the principal and interest on their debt.
It can also make perfectly good sense for governments to go into debt, such as when a government seeks to stabilize its economy with additional spending to ward off a recession. It particularly makes sense when governments borrow money to pay for real assets that will also benefit future generations, like a bridge or a kindergarten.
Everyone Benefits
Finance experts call this form of the solidarity principle “pay as you use,” in which future generations are expected to pay for the rest. In addition to leaving the assets — bridges, kindergartens and the like — to its children and grandchildren, the current generation also leaves a portion of the financing up to future generations, and everyone benefits from it.
The only problem is that countries hardly ever use this instrument in such a productive and far-sighted manner. Nowadays, governments usually borrow money to finance their daily expenditures, like paying the salaries of government employees or servicing existing debt.
Of course, there are also people who live unrestrained financial lives. Readily available credit at every bank makes it more likely than ever that they will be tempted to abuse it. Living on credit used to be considered somewhat disreputable, but not anymore. In the third quarter of 2011, Americans had $700 billion in outstanding credit card debt. There are likewise undoubtedly many companies with lax payment policies. The number of major corporations with excellent credit ratings has been consistently declining for years.
Nevertheless, there is still a difference between private and public debt. Citizens and companies usually have real assets to serve as collateral against their debt. The value of a government, on the other hand, is — with the exception of a few companies, properties and land — primarily virtual, namely, that it enjoys the priceless privilege of being able to issue bonds. It borrows money from citizens who, in return, receive a bond that promises repayment of the principal plus interest.
In the 14th century, northern Italian rulers applied this principle for the first time. The British historian Niall Ferguson sees the invention of the government bond as “the second great revolution” in the economic world, following the introduction of credit by banks. It served as the foundation for the ascent of money, according to Ferguson.
No Incentive for Responsibility
Since then, the state has been able to constantly print new securities, which it uses to replace the old ones. Debts are not repaid but “refinanced.” In other words, they are passed on to future generations. This trick seduces governments into treating their finances with less solemnity, and it deprives them of any incentive to live within their means.
They have also provided the securities with a special advantage: Banks, savings banks and insurance companies, the main purchasers of European sovereign bonds, are not required to back the bonds with equity capital, unlike with loans to private citizens or companies. The bonds have been treated as “especially safe” — at least until now.
Everyone benefits from this system. Through the bonds, the banks acquire from the issuing governments apparent security on their balance sheets, fictitious assets. And, for governments, the banks serve as constant new buyers for their securities.
The state creates the illusion of freedom from risk to satisfy its self-indulgence, at least until the Ponzi moment arrives: when the last shred of confidence has been gambled away and no one buys bonds anymore.
Were a business owner to run a business in the same way, he or she would soon be forced to declare bankruptcy. “Family business owners borrow money to invest it. Usually the government borrows money to consume today,” says German business leader Goebel. And, he adds, “while a businessman takes on the risk and liability for his company, in the case of countries, it is almost always the next generation that suffers.”
Debt is thus a double-edged sword. When used prudently and in moderation, it enhances prosperity. “But, when it is used imprudently and in excess, the result can be disaster,” the BIS economists warn in their study. Today’s world has become a Ponzi planet.
Part 3: Germany’s True Liabilities
Just how much the German government struggles with financial planning is evident in its handling of pensions for the country’s 1.7 million civil servants. The 16 German states already spend about 15 percent of their tax revenues to pay for the retirement benefits of government employees, a percentage that Bernd Raffelhüschen, an economist in the southwestern city of Freiburg, predicts will grow considerably. In fact, he sees a veritable wave of costs rolling toward Germany in the middle of the coming decade.
All of the civil servants who were hired in the 1970s and 80s will soon go into retirement. German federal, state and local governments hired so many people between 1970 and 1980 that personnel costs tripled to about €75 billion.
Raffelhüschen, working for the Market Economy Foundation, regularly investigates which financial obligations the government and the social insurance agencies enter into without establishing any reserves for the time when the benefits will come due. His conclusions represent Germany’s true debt burden.
In addition to the official national debt of roughly €2 trillion, there are €4.6 trillion in future benefit promises to retirees, the sick and people requiring nursing care — commitments that are not documented anywhere. When these commitments are included, Germany’s real debt is not 80 percent of GDP, as quoted officially, but 276 percent.
Simply Doesn’t Concern Them
The social security coffers contain absolutely no reserves for members of the baby-boomer generation. “As a result of our government’s generosity, we are creating substantial financial burdens for future generations,” says economist Raffelhüschen. But no one really wants to hear this. Besides, all of this will happen so far in the future that many feel it simply doesn’t concern them.
Next to pensions, health insurance is the second-largest item on Raffelhüschen’s list, accounting for a shortfall of €2 trillion. The inevitable aging of society will only exacerbate the problem. With age or, more precisely, with the number of old people, healthcare spending rises dramatically.
In Germany, a gainfully employed person under 65 costs the government health-insurance system an average of €134 a month. The average for people older than 65 is €379, or almost three times as much.
As a result, an invisible mountain of social insurance debt rests on every German citizen’s shoulders. According to Raffelhüschen, to pay off this debt, each citizen would have to pay the government €307 a month throughout his life — all because the government makes financial promises it cannot keep. It even touts its promises as benefits, and yet citizens are the ones paying for them in the end. The method has been part of the system for generations.
A Short History of Debt
There was a time when the government had no trouble amassing reserves. In the 1950s, then-Finance Minister Fritz Schäffer took in so much revenue — or spent so little — that he was able to save. There was talk of the so-called “Schäfferturm,” or Schäffer Tower, an allusion to the Julius Tower in Berlin, where the Germans stored the gold paid to them by the French in war reparations following the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-1871.
Of course, Schäffer benefited from the fact that the 1948 monetary reform provided West Germany with a new fiscal start. The old money was hardly worth anything anymore, with 100 Reich Mark being exchanged for 6.5 deutschmark. In addition, the country’s liabilities were reduced — by a factor of 10 to 1. In other words, the conditions were favorable for the pursuit of sound economic policy.
Six finance ministers later, when Social Democrat Alex Möller assumed the office in 1969, the zeitgeist had changed — and so had the payment morale. The economy was booming, there was more work than available labor, and it seemed that the coalition government of the center-left Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the pro-business Free Democratic Party (FDP) could pay for anything, including such extras as winter bonuses for construction workers, bypass roads for rural communities and fitness programs sponsored by the government health-insurance system to combat the adverse effects of affluence. The government health-insurance system more than doubled its expenditures between 1970 and 1975.
When Möller resigned in 1971 to protest such profligacy, his fellow Social Democrat Karl Schiller (“Don’t congratulate me; send me your condolences instead”) took his place. But Schiller lasted only a year, and when he resigned he said he was unwilling to support the government’s devil-may-care policy.
A Taste of What Was to Come
That, though, was just a taste of what was to come. The economy began to slow, especially after the oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979, and unemployment rose steadily, but the government of then Chancellor Helmut Schmidt (SPD) behaved as if Germany were still in the midst of its economic miracle, spending far more than it took in. During Schmidt’s chancellorship, sovereign debt grew from €39 billion to €160 billion. It was this ballooning debt that eventually brought down Schmidt’s governing coalition in 1982.
The next surge of new borrowing occurred seven years later, after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Instead of just raising taxes, then Christian Democratic (CDU) Chancellor Helmut Kohl decided to finance German reunification on credit. Some €1.5 trillion in costs relating to reunification remain unpaid to this day. Most of the money went into consumption — far too little was used for investment. It was the same old mistake.
Finally, it was the financial crisis that, beginning in 2008, sharply drove up the national debt once again. The bank bailouts in addition to the economic stimulus packages have been a heavy burden on public coffers. The German government has forked over about €80 billion for various programs, including the controversial cash-for-clunkers program.
Governments are invoking John Maynard Keynes, the great British economist, as they use borrowed money to stimulate the economy, and yet they are consistently ignoring the second, unpleasant part of the equation: paying off the debt. Not a single German finance minister has balanced the budget since 1970.
Part 4: The Failures of the Political Class
Why is this the case? For Lars Feld, the answer is short and unambiguous: “political failure.” The 45-year-old Freiburg-based academic, the youngest member of the German Council of Economic Experts, which advises the government on economic issues, combines economic expertise with insights from other disciplines, especially political science. For Feld, the concept of “fragmentation” is essential to explaining the tendency to accumulate debt.
According to the fragmentation concept, debt levels increase the more parties are involved in the government — and competition there is for funds among cabinet ministers to satisfy their respective constituents. The Americans refer to this as pork barrel politics. Each tries to take as much as possible while contributing as little as possible.
For politicians, this means: “Every member of parliament tries to bring as many public projects as possible into their election district in order to secure re-election, hoping to distribute the costs across the entire population,” Feld explains. It is also true that the more often a government is replaced, the faster the government debt increases.
Is a Dictatorship More Responsible?
The reverse is also true. Strong governments with absolute majorities have the lowest tendencies to incur debt, especially when a powerful finance minister remains in control for a long period of time. Does this suggest that parliamentary democracy, which naturally promotes fragmentation, is to blame for unsound fiscal policy? Or, to put it cynically: Is a dictatorship more responsible when it comes to fiscal policy?
Aside from the fact that dictators have also been known to devastate their countries financially, voters ultimately have themselves to blame for the excesses. Scientists refer to “rational ignorance” when citizens deliberately avoid dealing with uncomfortable issues. People overestimate the benefit of current tax cuts and fail to recognize that today’s debts are automatically tomorrow’s debts, as well. In other words, people want to be deceived.
Politicians are all too happy to adhere to this pattern of behavior, while at the same time mercilessly taking advantage of it. In his dissertation, Berlin economist Gerrit Köster found that, between 1964 and 2004, German finance ministers tended to plan tax cuts so that they would come into effect in election years.
Perhaps this also explains why the Social Democratic heads of government in the city-state of Bremen remain popular, despite the fact that Bremen, with a per capita debt of €27,000, is Germany’s most heavily indebted state. It is often precisely those municipalities that can least afford it that are the most lavish spenders.
Two Portable Toilets
Economist Adolph Wagner observed the phenomenon in the mid-19th century and used it to formulate his “law of expanding state activity.” Wagner contends that the state constantly seeks new activities without paying heed to whether the expansion is even necessary and, most of all, whether it will pay off. Expansion serves primarily one purpose: to justify a government’s existence. Many of the things for which cities, states and the federal government borrow money turn out to be pure waste.
From the €130,000 a year the northern city of Lübeck spent to rent two portable toilets to the €11,000 the western town of Büren paid for four alpenhorns so that local musicians could play music with guests from the Austrian sister town of Mittersill, each year Germany’s taxpayers’ association documents cases of how poorly government entities manage their funds — especially when the economy is doing well — and how little willingness there is to economize.
At least Bremen has now vowed to curb government spending. The state plans to reduce annual new borrowing from the current level of €1 billion to €120 million. It should be noted, however, that these figures apply to the gradual reduction of new borrowing, not the debt itself.
“Bremen can no longer extract itself from this debt spiral on its own,” says Bettina Sokol, the president of the state audit office. But how else is it to do so?
Part 5: Strategies for Reducing Debt
What can a country do to not only curb increasing debt, but also to reduce the size of its overall debt? There are many possibilities, and they are differentiated mainly by the magnitude of the sacrifices, and by who bears most of the burden.
The most brutal method is the debt haircut, which is reserved for hopeless cases like Greece. Creditors are forced to give up a large share of the funds they are owed. Banks and insurance companies and, ultimately, ordinary savers and the insured, whose portfolios and policies also contain Greek bonds, are the ones who suffer.
A government bankruptcy — which is precisely what a debt haircut amounts to — is by no means an unusual occurrence in economic history. France declared bankruptcy eight times between 1500 and 1800, while Spain could not meet its obligations seven times in the 19th century alone. “The progress of the enormous debts which at present oppress, and will in the long-run probably ruin all the great nations of Europe, has been pretty uniform,” Adam Smith, the Scottish philosopher, wrote in 1776.
In the early 19th century, as a consequence of wars and revolutions, Greece spent half of its time in insolvency or debt-restructuring. The euro-zone countries ought to have been forewarned when they accepted the Greeks into the currency union.
Greece experienced a particularly unusual bankruptcy in 1922, when then Finance Minister Petros Protopapadakis ordered that all banknotes be cut in half. The one half remained currency, but was worth only half as much as the original note, while citizens were required to exchange the other half for a government bond. A quite literal debt haircut.
From Flirtation to Marriage
A softer, almost elegant strategy to achieve debt relief is the path leading through inflation. Prices increase, as do incomes and taxes, while debts remain nominally the same, thereby losing value in relative terms. They are essentially eliminated by means of inflation, with citizens being partly expropriated in the process.
If an inflation rate of 4 to 6 percent were tolerated for several years in a row, as American economist Kenneth Rogoff argues, countries would be able to make significant strides in the direction of solving the debt problem. However, the rate of inflation cannot be controlled at will. As the saying goes, if you start flirting with inflation, you will have to marry it.
Most of all, the inflation solution is only effective for getting rid of old debt. For each new euro a country borrows, creditors will demand higher interest in return, which ultimately increases the debt level even further.
Which leaves the two conventional methods of debt reduction.
First, the government can increase its revenues by simply raising taxes. The financial basis for such an emergency move certainly exists: Germans possess total net monetary assets of about €3 trillion, as well as real estate assets worth about €5 trillion. But the most likely candidate is the inheritance tax. Despite the estimated €300 billion in assets that are transferred to heirs each year, in 2010 Germany collected only €4.4 billion in inheritance tax. Even the electricity tax generates more revenue, at €6.2 billion.
The second option is for the government to reduce spending by limiting goods and services. The government will in fact be forced to take this cost-cutting approach because new debt ceiling limits will soon apply. Under these rules, the federal government’s new borrowing is limited to 0.35 percent of GDP, which is currently about €9 billion. The instrument inspires hope that the trend to incur more and more new debt can finally be stopped. It is “the only correct approach,” says entrepreneur Goebel.
Far More Difficult to Generate Growth
But there are also exceptions to the law. The government can loosen the debt brake during economic downturns, as well as in the case of natural disasters. What is also missing is a clause stipulating that surpluses in good years be used to pay off old debts — and not for tax cuts.
But a consolidation of finances is certainly possible, as Italy, Spain and Belgium demonstrated in the late 1990s. These countries managed to substantially reduce their debt levels. Spain, for example, trimmed its debt from 67 to 36 percent of the country’s economic output within 10 years. Of course, this sort of turnaround was also made possible by the fact that Spain’s economy proved to be so dynamic at the time.
Growth is undoubtedly the best way to get out of the debt trap. After World War II, the American economy grew at a faster rate than the national debt. As a result, the debt ratio was automatically reduced.
Nowadays, however, an aging and shrinking population makes it far more difficult to increase economic output. This means that slow-growing countries like Japan or Germany can hardly serve as the reliable borrowers of tomorrow. Rising economies like China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines or Vietnam offer more security. Ironically, for the rating agencies, it is the shaky candidates of the past that could very well be the most reliable economies of the future.
In the West, on the other hand, it is now the state that must increasingly assume the role of growth engine. To do so, it borrows money and tries to reduce government debt with the additional value added. Kurt Biedenkopf (CDU), the former governor of the eastern German state of Saxony, describes this as a fatal process in which the government takes on new debt to finance growth in order to pay off old debt.
The Power of the Purse
Biedenkopf recently proposed a concept with which he argues the debt burden could be paid off within a generation. Under the concept, all liabilities would be transferred to a foundation, dubbed the “German Financial Agency,” to which a portion of tax revenue would be allocated in order to slowly reduce the debt, thereby bypassing the parliament. But it is questionable whether the members of that parliament would readily agree to be deprived of the power of the purse.
A plan unveiled by the German Council of Economic Experts in November seems more realistic. The council proposes establishing a fund that would assume all the debts of euro member states that exceed the Maastricht ceiling of 60 percent of economic output. Under this plan, the total debt of about €2.5 trillion would be paid off within 20 to 25 years, partly through tax surcharges.
Whatever approach the Western world uses to combat its debt crisis — be it austerity measures, taxes, inflation or, what is most likely, a mixture of the three — solving this problem will shape the lives and work activities of a generation.
“If history is a model, we can expect to see many years of debt repayment,” the McKinsey management consulting firm predicts in a study. In other words, the debt avalanche is inevitable, and the only question is whether countries can protect themselves in time.
It is not as much a question of putting a stop to speculators or penalizing rating agencies. Such skirmishes are merely a distraction from the responsibility that politicians bear when they constantly incur new debt to service old debt. But it is also the responsibility that voters bear for rewarding such behavior, and that the banks bear for being so consistently dependent on the government to bail them out whenever they gamble away their money.
Secretly, they all know that a Ponzi scheme has never turned out well.
Alexander Jung – Spiegel











